[Devel] [PATCH v4 VZ9 3/5] dm-qcow2: make merge_backward command asyncronous

Andrey Zhadchenko andrey.zhadchenko at virtuozzo.com
Tue Mar 4 14:48:32 MSK 2025



On 3/4/25 12:32, Pavel Tikhomirov wrote:
> 
> 
> On 3/4/25 18:51, Andrey Zhadchenko wrote:
>>
>>
>> On 3/3/25 10:37, Pavel Tikhomirov wrote:
>>> This adds merge_backward "start", "complete" and "cancel" commands. By
>>> that we are able to split single merge_backward into two stages: start
>>> asyncronous merging and completion. That can be usefull for restarting
>>> qemu process while allowing backward merging to run asyncronously in
>>> kernel.
>>>
>>> The "start" command runs merging preparations in workqueue work. After
>>> it finishes, the "complete" command can be called to finish the process
>>> and actually replace the top qcow2 with it's lower. The "cancel" command
>>> forces the work to stop and flushes it. In case we are in completion
>>> waiting state already and there is no work running, the "cancel" command
>>> also reverts merging preparations.
>>>
>>> Locking:
>>>
>>> Data in tgt->backward_merge is protected by tgt->ctl_mutex. The "start"
>>> and "complete" commands are fully under this lock, and the "cancel"
>>> operation takes the lock explicitly and releases it for work flushing.
>>> The work also takes the lock but only when updating tgt->backward_merge
>>> data. For checks, if the work was caneled in the middle, we read the
>>> state without locking as we don't modify the state there, also we would
>>> re-check the state again before exiting the work function under lock.
>>>
>>> Now on target suspend we "cancel" currently running backward merge,
>>> previously we were just hanging untill backward merge have been
>>> finished for possibly a long time, cancelling seems cleaner. Though we
>>> don't really expect hypervisor suspending the target in the middle of
>>> backward merge that it by itself started.
>>>
>>> https://virtuozzo.atlassian.net/browse/VSTOR-100466
>>> Signed-off-by: Pavel Tikhomirov <ptikhomirov at virtuozzo.com>
>>>
>>> -- 
>>> v2: Cancel from BACKWARD_MERGE_START state should not try to stop the
>>> work via BACKWARD_MERGE_STOP state, else we will deadlock in this state.
>>> ---
>>>   drivers/md/dm-qcow2-cmd.c    | 142 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
>>>   drivers/md/dm-qcow2-target.c |   6 ++
>>>   drivers/md/dm-qcow2.h        |  19 +++++
>>>   3 files changed, 153 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
>>>
>>> diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-qcow2-cmd.c b/drivers/md/dm-qcow2-cmd.c
>>> index 7b4b0ee68ad9f..04a992f3ebba6 100644
>>> --- a/drivers/md/dm-qcow2-cmd.c
>>> +++ b/drivers/md/dm-qcow2-cmd.c
>>> @@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ static void service_qio_endio(struct qcow2_target 
>>> *tgt, struct qio *qio,
>>>       wake_up(&tgt->service_wq);
>>>   }
>>> +static bool qcow2_backward_merge_should_stop(struct qcow2_target *tgt);
>>> +
>>>   static int qcow2_service_iter(struct qcow2_target *tgt, struct 
>>> qcow2 *qcow2,
>>>             loff_t end, loff_t step, unsigned int bi_op, u8 qio_flags)
>>>   {
>>> @@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ static int qcow2_service_iter(struct qcow2_target 
>>> *tgt, struct qcow2 *qcow2,
>>>       WRITE_ONCE(service_status, BLK_STS_OK);
>>>       for (pos = 0; pos < end; pos += step) {
>>> -        if (fatal_signal_pending(current)) {
>>> +        if (qcow2_backward_merge_should_stop(tgt)) {
>>>               ret = -EINTR;
>>>               break;
>>>           }
>>> @@ -161,10 +163,11 @@ static void 
>>> set_backward_merge_in_process(struct qcow2_target *tgt,
>>>       qcow2_submit_embedded_qios(tgt, &list);
>>>   }
>>> -static int qcow2_merge_backward(struct qcow2_target *tgt)
>>> +static int qcow2_merge_backward_start(struct qcow2_target *tgt)
>>>   {
>>>       struct qcow2 *qcow2 = tgt->top, *lower = qcow2->lower;
>>> -    int ret, ret2;
>>> +
>>> +    lockdep_assert_held(&tgt->ctl_mutex);
>>>       if (!lower)
>>>           return -ENOENT;
>>> @@ -174,6 +177,35 @@ static int qcow2_merge_backward(struct 
>>> qcow2_target *tgt)
>>>           return -EOPNOTSUPP;
>>>       if (lower->hdr.size < qcow2->hdr.size)
>>>           return -EBADSLT;
>>> +
>>> +    if (tgt->backward_merge.state != BACKWARD_MERGE_STOPPED)
>>> +        return -EBUSY;
>>> +    tgt->backward_merge.state = BACKWARD_MERGE_START;
>>> +    tgt->backward_merge.error = 0;
>>> +
>>> +    schedule_work(&tgt->backward_merge.work);
>>
>> Does this imply we potentially occupy one of the workers of the global 
>> pool for the indefinite amount of time? What if we run as much as 
>> nworkers (probably ncpus) merges simultaneously?
> 
> System_wq has 1024*NCPU execution contexts:
> 
>  > ``@max_active`` determines the maximum number of execution contexts 
> per CPU
> 
>  > The maximum limit for ``@max_active`` is 2048 and the default value used
> when 0 is specified is 1024.
> 
> If we try to run ~1024 works per cpu at the same time we might have a 
> problem, and will need to either swithch to our own work-queue or create 
> explicit kernel thread for each merge.
> 
> 
> As flushing system-wide workqueues is now deprecated we are also fine 
> with long running work in system_wq and not in system_long_wq, but we 
> can move it to system_long_wq just to be on the safe side.
> 
>   * system_wq is the one used by schedule[_delayed]_work[_on]().
>   * Multi-CPU multi-threaded.  There are users which expect relatively
>   * short queue flush time.  Don't queue works which can run for too
>   * long.
> 
>   * system_long_wq is similar to system_wq but may host long running
>   * works.  Queue flushing might take relatively long.
> 
> What do you think?

In close approximation we can just run on dm-qcow2 workqueue, as each 
image allocates it's own wq, tgt->wq. And we only run 2 works there, 
general and flush.
However Alexander's dm-ploop rework dropped workqueues in favor of 
threads, so I do not know if and when we intend to merge it into dm-qcow2.

With given limits 1024 per cpu we probably could ignore constraints on 
global workqueue. Could you please also give me some links where I can 
read this? Couldn't find anything myself

> 
>>
>>> +    return 0;
>>> +}
>>> +ALLOW_ERROR_INJECTION(qcow2_merge_backward_start, ERRNO);
>>> +
>>> +void qcow2_merge_backward_work(struct work_struct *work)
>>> +{
>>> +    struct qcow2_target *tgt = container_of(work, struct qcow2_target,
>>> +                        backward_merge.work);
>>> +    struct qcow2 *qcow2, *lower;
>>> +    int ret, ret2;
>>> +
>>> +    mutex_lock(&tgt->ctl_mutex);
>>> +    if (tgt->backward_merge.state != BACKWARD_MERGE_START) {
>>> +        mutex_unlock(&tgt->ctl_mutex);
>>> +        return;
>>> +    }
>>> +    tgt->backward_merge.state = BACKWARD_MERGE_RUN;
>>> +    mutex_unlock(&tgt->ctl_mutex);
>>> +
>>> +    qcow2 = tgt->top;
>>> +    lower = qcow2->lower;
>>> +
>>>       /*
>>>        * Break all COW clus at L1 level. Otherwise, later
>>>        * there would be problems with unusing them:
>>> @@ -183,13 +215,13 @@ static int qcow2_merge_backward(struct 
>>> qcow2_target *tgt)
>>>       ret = qcow2_break_l1cow(tgt);
>>>       if (ret) {
>>>           QC_ERR(tgt->ti, "Can't break L1 COW");
>>> -        return ret;
>>> +        goto out_err;
>>>       }
>>>       ret = qcow2_set_image_file_features(lower, true);
>>>       if (ret) {
>>>           QC_ERR(tgt->ti, "Can't set dirty bit");
>>> -        return ret;
>>> +        goto out_err;
>>>       }
>>>       set_backward_merge_in_process(tgt, qcow2, true);
>>> @@ -200,22 +232,85 @@ static int qcow2_merge_backward(struct 
>>> qcow2_target *tgt)
>>>           ret2 = qcow2_set_image_file_features(lower, false);
>>>           if (ret2 < 0)
>>>               QC_ERR(tgt->ti, "Can't unuse lower (%d)", ret2);
>>> -        return ret;
>>>       }
>>> +
>>> +out_err:
>>> +    mutex_lock(&tgt->ctl_mutex);
>>> +    if (ret) {
>>> +        /* Error */
>>> +        tgt->backward_merge.state = BACKWARD_MERGE_STOPPED;
>>> +        tgt->backward_merge.error = ret;
>>> +    } else if (tgt->backward_merge.state == BACKWARD_MERGE_STOP) {
>>> +        /* Merge is canceled */
>>> +        set_backward_merge_in_process(tgt, qcow2, false);
>>> +        tgt->backward_merge.state = BACKWARD_MERGE_STOPPED;
>>> +        tgt->backward_merge.error = -EINTR;
>>> +    } else {
>>> +        /* Finish merge */
>>> +        tgt->backward_merge.state = BACKWARD_MERGE_WAIT_COMPLETION;
>>> +    }
>>> +    mutex_unlock(&tgt->ctl_mutex);
>>> +}
>>> +
>>> +static int qcow2_merge_backward_complete(struct qcow2_target *tgt)
>>> +{
>>> +    struct qcow2 *qcow2 = tgt->top, *lower = qcow2->lower;
>>> +    int ret;
>>> +
>>> +    lockdep_assert_held(&tgt->ctl_mutex);
>>> +
>>> +    if (tgt->backward_merge.state != BACKWARD_MERGE_WAIT_COMPLETION)
>>> +        return -EBUSY;
>>> +
>>>       tgt->top = lower;
>>>       smp_wmb(); /* Pairs with qcow2_ref_inc() */
>>>       qcow2_inflight_ref_switch(tgt); /* Pending qios */
>>>       qcow2_flush_deferred_activity(tgt, qcow2); /* Delayed md pages */
>>>       qcow2->lower = NULL;
>>> -    ret2 = qcow2_set_image_file_features(qcow2, false);
>>> -    if (ret2 < 0)
>>> -        QC_ERR(tgt->ti, "Can't unuse merged img (%d)", ret2);
>>> +    ret = qcow2_set_image_file_features(qcow2, false);
>>> +    if (ret < 0)
>>> +        QC_ERR(tgt->ti, "Can't unuse merged img (%d)", ret);
>>>       qcow2_destroy(qcow2);
>>> +    tgt->backward_merge.state = BACKWARD_MERGE_STOPPED;
>>> +
>>>       return 0;
>>>   }
>>> -ALLOW_ERROR_INJECTION(qcow2_merge_backward, ERRNO);
>>> +ALLOW_ERROR_INJECTION(qcow2_merge_backward_complete, ERRNO);
>>> +
>>> +void qcow2_merge_backward_cancel(struct qcow2_target *tgt)
>>> +{
>>> +    bool flush = false;
>>> +
>>> +    mutex_lock(&tgt->ctl_mutex);
>>> +    if (tgt->backward_merge.state == BACKWARD_MERGE_STOPPED) {
>>> +        mutex_unlock(&tgt->ctl_mutex);
>>> +        return;
>>> +    }
>>> +
>>> +    if (tgt->backward_merge.state == BACKWARD_MERGE_START) {
>>> +        tgt->backward_merge.state = BACKWARD_MERGE_STOPPED;
>>> +        flush = true;
>>> +    } else if (tgt->backward_merge.state == BACKWARD_MERGE_RUN) {
>>> +        tgt->backward_merge.state = BACKWARD_MERGE_STOP;
>>> +        flush = true;
>>> +    } else if (tgt->backward_merge.state == BACKWARD_MERGE_STOP) {
>>> +        flush = true;
>>> +    } else if (tgt->backward_merge.state == 
>>> BACKWARD_MERGE_WAIT_COMPLETION) {
>>> +        set_backward_merge_in_process(tgt, tgt->top, false);
>>> +        tgt->backward_merge.state = BACKWARD_MERGE_STOPPED;
>>> +    }
>>> +    mutex_unlock(&tgt->ctl_mutex);
>>> +
>>> +    if (flush)
>>> +        flush_work(&tgt->backward_merge.work);
>>> +}
>>> +
>>> +static bool qcow2_backward_merge_should_stop(struct qcow2_target *tgt)
>>> +{
>>> +    return READ_ONCE(tgt->backward_merge.state) == BACKWARD_MERGE_STOP;
>>> +}
>>>   static struct qcow2 *qcow2_get_img(struct qcow2_target *tgt, u32 
>>> img_id, u8 *ref_index)
>>>   {
>>> @@ -374,11 +469,19 @@ int qcow2_message(struct dm_target *ti, 
>>> unsigned int argc, char **argv,
>>>           }
>>>           ret = qcow2_get_event(tgt, result, maxlen);
>>>           goto out;
>>> +    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "merge_backward")) {
>>> +        if (argc != 2) {
>>> +            ret = -EINVAL;
>>> +            goto out;
>>> +        }
>>> +        if (!strcmp(argv[1], "cancel")) {
>>> +            qcow2_merge_backward_cancel(tgt);
>>> +            ret = 0;
>>> +            goto out;
>>> +        }
>>>       }
>>> -    ret = mutex_lock_killable(&tgt->ctl_mutex);
>>> -    if (ret)
>>> -        goto out;
>>> +    mutex_lock(&tgt->ctl_mutex);
>>>       if (!strcmp(argv[0], "get_errors")) {
>>>           ret = qcow2_get_errors(tgt, result, maxlen);
>>> @@ -388,7 +491,18 @@ int qcow2_message(struct dm_target *ti, unsigned 
>>> int argc, char **argv,
>>>       } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "merge_forward")) {
>>>           ret = qcow2_merge_forward(tgt);
>>>       } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "merge_backward")) {
>>> -        ret = qcow2_merge_backward(tgt);
>>> +        if (argc != 2) {
>>> +            ret = -EINVAL;
>>> +            mutex_unlock(&tgt->ctl_mutex);
>>> +            goto out;
>>> +        }
>>> +        if (!strcmp(argv[1], "start")) {
>>> +            ret = qcow2_merge_backward_start(tgt);
>>> +        } else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "complete")) {
>>> +            ret = qcow2_merge_backward_complete(tgt);
>>> +        } else {
>>> +            ret = -ENOTTY;
>>> +        }
>>>       } else {
>>>           ret = -ENOTTY;
>>>       }
>>> diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-qcow2-target.c b/drivers/md/dm-qcow2-target.c
>>> index 540c03cb3c44f..6e2e583ba0b8b 100644
>>> --- a/drivers/md/dm-qcow2-target.c
>>> +++ b/drivers/md/dm-qcow2-target.c
>>> @@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ static void qcow2_set_service_operations(struct 
>>> dm_target *ti, bool allowed)
>>>       mutex_lock(&tgt->ctl_mutex);
>>>       tgt->service_operations_allowed = allowed;
>>>       mutex_unlock(&tgt->ctl_mutex);
>>> +    if (!allowed)
>>> +        qcow2_merge_backward_cancel(tgt);
>>>   }
>>>   static void qcow2_set_wants_suspend(struct dm_target *ti, bool wants)
>>>   {
>>> @@ -251,6 +253,7 @@ static void qcow2_tgt_destroy(struct qcow2_target 
>>> *tgt)
>>>           /* Now kill the queue */
>>>           destroy_workqueue(tgt->wq);
>>>       }
>>> +    qcow2_merge_backward_cancel(tgt);
>>>       mempool_destroy(tgt->qio_pool);
>>>       mempool_destroy(tgt->qrq_pool);
>>> @@ -494,6 +497,9 @@ static struct qcow2_target 
>>> *alloc_qcow2_target(struct dm_target *ti)
>>>       timer_setup(&tgt->enospc_timer, qcow2_enospc_timer, 0);
>>>       ti->private = tgt;
>>>       tgt->ti = ti;
>>> +
>>> +    INIT_WORK(&tgt->backward_merge.work, qcow2_merge_backward_work);
>>> +
>>>       qcow2_set_service_operations(ti, false);
>>>       return tgt;
>>> diff --git a/drivers/md/dm-qcow2.h b/drivers/md/dm-qcow2.h
>>> index a89fe3db2196d..bebfdc50ed6d4 100644
>>> --- a/drivers/md/dm-qcow2.h
>>> +++ b/drivers/md/dm-qcow2.h
>>> @@ -149,6 +149,20 @@ struct md_page {
>>>       struct list_head wpc_readers_wait_list;
>>>   };
>>> +enum qcow2_backward_merge_state {
>>> +    BACKWARD_MERGE_STOPPED = 0,
>>> +    BACKWARD_MERGE_START,
>>> +    BACKWARD_MERGE_RUN,
>>> +    BACKWARD_MERGE_WAIT_COMPLETION,
>>> +    BACKWARD_MERGE_STOP,
>>> +};
>>> +
>>> +struct qcow2_backward_merge {
>>> +    struct work_struct work;
>>> +    enum qcow2_backward_merge_state state;
>>> +    int error;
>>> +};
>>> +
>>>   struct qcow2_target {
>>>       struct dm_target *ti;
>>>   #define QCOW2_QRQ_POOL_SIZE 512 /* Twice nr_requests from 
>>> blk_mq_init_sched() */
>>> @@ -180,6 +194,8 @@ struct qcow2_target {
>>>       struct work_struct event_work;
>>>       spinlock_t event_lock;
>>>       struct mutex ctl_mutex;
>>> +
>>> +    struct qcow2_backward_merge backward_merge;
>>>   };
>>>   enum {
>>> @@ -375,6 +391,9 @@ int qcow2_inflight_ref_switch(struct qcow2_target 
>>> *tgt);
>>>   void qcow2_flush_deferred_activity(struct qcow2_target *tgt, struct 
>>> qcow2 *qcow2);
>>>   int qcow2_truncate_safe(struct file *file, loff_t new_len);
>>> +void qcow2_merge_backward_work(struct work_struct *work);
>>> +void qcow2_merge_backward_cancel(struct qcow2_target *tgt);
>>> +
>>>   static inline struct qcow2_target *to_qcow2_target(struct dm_target 
>>> *ti)
>>>   {
>>>       return ti->private;
>>
> 



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