[Devel] Re: [PATCH 1/1] capabilities: introduce per-process capability bounding set (v8)
Serge E. Hallyn
serue at us.ibm.com
Tue Nov 20 12:07:46 PST 2007
Quoting Andrew Morgan (morgan at kernel.org):
> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
> Hash: SHA1
>
> Serge E. Hallyn wrote:
> > Andrew, this version follows all of your suggestions. Definately nicer
> > userspace interface. thanks
> [...]
> >
> > /* Allow ioperm/iopl access */
> > @@ -314,6 +314,10 @@ typedef struct kernel_cap_struct {
> >
> > #define CAP_SETFCAP 31
> >
> > +#define CAP_NUM_CAPS 32
> > +
> > +#define cap_valid(x) ((x) >= 0 && (x) < CAP_NUM_CAPS)
> > +
>
> Could you change the name of CAP_NUM_CAPS? There is some libcap building
> code that does the following to automatically build the "cap_*" names
> for libcap, and this new define above messes that up! :-(
>
> sed -ne '/^#define[ \t]CAP[_A-Z]\+[ \t]\+[0-9]\+/{s/^#define \([^
> \t]*\)[ \t]*\([^ \t]*\)/ \{ \2, \"\1\"
> \},/;y/ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ/abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz/;p;}' <
> $(KERNEL_HEADERS)/linux/capability.h | fgrep -v 0x > cap_names.sed
>
> Something like:
>
> #define CAP_NUM_CAPS (CAP_SETFCAP+1)
>
> will save me some hassle. :-)
>
> [...]
>
> > /*
> > * Bit location of each capability (used by user-space library and kernel)
> > */
> > @@ -350,6 +354,17 @@ typedef struct kernel_cap_struct {
> >
> > #define CAP_INIT_INH_SET CAP_EMPTY_SET
> >
>
> Its kind of a pity to put a kernel config ifdef in a header file. Could
> you put the ifdef code in the c-files that uses these definitions?
>
> > +#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY_FILE_CAPABILITIES
>
> In my experience when headers define things differently based on
> configuration #defines, other users of header files (apps, kernel
> modules etc.), never quite know what the current define is. If we can
> avoid conditional code like this in this header file, I'd be happier.
>
> > +#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY_FILE_CAPABILITIES
>
> ditto.
>
> [...]
> > +extern long cap_prctl_drop(unsigned long cap);
> > +#else
> > +#include <linux/errno.h>
> > +static inline long cap_prctl_drop(unsigned long cap)
> > +{ return -EINVAL; }
> > +#endif
> > +
> > +long cap_prctl_drop(unsigned long cap)
> > +{
> > + if (!capable(CAP_SETPCAP))
> > + return -EPERM;
> > + if (!cap_valid(cap))
> > + return -EINVAL;
> > + cap_lower(current->cap_bset, cap);
>
> I think the following lines are overkill. Basically, the next exec()
> will perform the pP/pE clipping, and cap_bset should only interact with
> fP (and not fI).
>
> We already have a mechanism to manipulate pI, which in turn gates fI.
> And this same mechanism (libcap) can clip pE, pP if it is needed pre-exec().
>
> So, if you want to drop a capability irrevocably, you drop it in bset,
> and separately in pI. The current process may continue to have the
> capability, but post-exec the working process tree has lost it. For
> things like login, this is desirable.
>
> This also makes it possible for you to allow pI to have a capability
> otherwise banned in cap_bset which is useful with limited role accounts.
>
> > + current->cap_effective = cap_intersect(current->cap_effective,
> > + current->cap_bset);
> > + current->cap_permitted = cap_intersect(current->cap_permitted,
> > + current->cap_bset);
> > + current->cap_inheritable = cap_intersect(current->cap_inheritable,
> > + current->cap_bset);
>
> You might want to replace the above three lines with a restriction
> elsewhere on what CAP_SETPCAP can newly set in
> commoncap.c:cap_capset_check().
>
> That is, CAP_SETPCAP permits the current process to raise 'any' pI
> capability. I suspect that you'll want to prevent raising any bits not
> masked by this:
>
> pI' & ~(pI | (pP & cap_bset)).
>
> Cheers
>
> Andrew
How about the following?
thanks,
-serge
>From 16d76d11d27f32487366a7cec6a52f6ec4fb1cbb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Serge E. Hallyn <serue at us.ibm.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Nov 2007 13:54:05 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 1/1] capabilities: introduce per-process capability bounding set (v9)
The capability bounding set is a set beyond which capabilities
cannot grow. Currently cap_bset is per-system. It can be
manipulated through sysctl, but only init can add capabilities.
Root can remove capabilities. By default it includes all caps
except CAP_SETPCAP.
This patch makes the bounding set per-process when file
capabilities are enabled. It is inherited at fork from parent.
Noone can add elements, CAP_SETPCAP is required to remove them.
One example use of this is to start a safer container. For
instance, until device namespaces or per-container device
whitelists are introduced, it is best to take CAP_MKNOD away
from a container.
The bounding set will not affect pP and pE immediately. It will
only affect pP' and pE' after subsequent exec()s. It also does
not affect pI, and exec() does not constrain pI'. So to really
start a shell with no way of regain CAP_MKNOD, you would do
prctl(PR_CAPBSET_DROP, CAP_MKNOD);
cap_t cap = cap_get_proc();
cap_value_t caparray[1];
caparray[0] = CAP_MKNOD;
cap_set_flag(cap, CAP_INHERITABLE, 1, caparray, CAP_DROP);
cap_set_proc(cap);
cap_free(cap);
The following test program will get and set the bounding
set. For instance
gcc -o capbound capbound.c -lcap
./capbound get
(lists capabilities in bset)
./capbound drop cap_net_raw
(starts shell with new bset)
(use capset, setuid binary, or binary with
file capabilities to try to increase caps)
************************************************************
capbound.c
************************************************************
#include <sys/prctl.h>
#include <sys/capability.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#ifndef PR_CAPBSET_READ
#define PR_CAPBSET_READ 23
#endif
#ifndef PR_CAPBSET_DROP
#define PR_CAPBSET_DROP 24
#endif
int usage(char *me)
{
printf("Usage: %s get\n", me);
printf(" %s drop <capability>\n", me);
return 1;
}
#define numcaps 32
char *captable[numcaps] = {
"cap_chown",
"cap_dac_override",
"cap_dac_read_search",
"cap_fowner",
"cap_fsetid",
"cap_kill",
"cap_setgid",
"cap_setuid",
"cap_setpcap",
"cap_linux_immutable",
"cap_net_bind_service",
"cap_net_broadcast",
"cap_net_admin",
"cap_net_raw",
"cap_ipc_lock",
"cap_ipc_owner",
"cap_sys_module",
"cap_sys_rawio",
"cap_sys_chroot",
"cap_sys_ptrace",
"cap_sys_pacct",
"cap_sys_admin",
"cap_sys_boot",
"cap_sys_nice",
"cap_sys_resource",
"cap_sys_time",
"cap_sys_tty_config",
"cap_mknod",
"cap_lease",
"cap_audit_write",
"cap_audit_control",
"cap_setfcap"
};
int getbcap(void)
{
int comma=0;
unsigned long i;
int ret;
printf("i know of %d capabilities\n", numcaps);
printf("capability bounding set:");
for (i=0; i<numcaps; i++) {
ret = prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ, i);
if (ret < 0)
perror("prctl");
else if (ret==1)
printf("%s%s", (comma++) ? ", " : " ", captable[i]);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
int capdrop(char *str)
{
unsigned long i;
int found=0;
for (i=0; i<numcaps; i++) {
if (strcmp(captable[i], str) == 0) {
found=1;
break;
}
}
if (!found)
return 1;
if (prctl(PR_CAPBSET_DROP, i)) {
perror("prctl");
return 1;
}
cap_t cap = cap_get_proc();
cap_value_t caparray[1];
caparray[0] = i;
cap_set_flag(cap, CAP_INHERITABLE, 1, caparray, CAP_CLEAR);
cap_set_proc(cap);
cap_free(cap);
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
if (argc<2)
return usage(argv[0]);
if (strcmp(argv[1], "get")==0)
return getbcap();
if (strcmp(argv[1], "drop")!=0 || argc<3)
return usage(argv[0]);
if (capdrop(argv[2])) {
printf("unknown capability\n");
return 1;
}
return execl("/bin/bash", "/bin/bash", NULL);
}
************************************************************
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue at us.ibm.com>
---
include/linux/capability.h | 8 +++++++-
include/linux/init_task.h | 12 ++++++++++++
include/linux/prctl.h | 4 ++++
include/linux/sched.h | 2 +-
include/linux/security.h | 5 -----
include/linux/sysctl.h | 3 ---
kernel/fork.c | 1 +
kernel/sys.c | 9 ++++++++-
kernel/sysctl.c | 35 -----------------------------------
kernel/sysctl_check.c | 7 -------
security/commoncap.c | 44 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------
11 files changed, 62 insertions(+), 68 deletions(-)
diff --git a/include/linux/capability.h b/include/linux/capability.h
index a1d93da..e8aa972 100644
--- a/include/linux/capability.h
+++ b/include/linux/capability.h
@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@ typedef struct kernel_cap_struct {
* remove any capability in your permitted set from any pid
* With VFS support for capabilities (neither of above, but)
* Add any capability to the current process' inheritable set
+ * Allow taking bits out of capability bounding set
*/
#define CAP_SETPCAP 8
@@ -202,7 +203,6 @@ typedef struct kernel_cap_struct {
#define CAP_IPC_OWNER 15
/* Insert and remove kernel modules - modify kernel without limit */
-/* Modify cap_bset */
#define CAP_SYS_MODULE 16
/* Allow ioperm/iopl access */
@@ -314,6 +314,10 @@ typedef struct kernel_cap_struct {
#define CAP_SETFCAP 31
+#define CAP_LAST_CAP CAP_SETFCAP
+
+#define cap_valid(x) ((x) >= 0 && (x) <= CAP_LAST_CAP)
+
/*
* Bit location of each capability (used by user-space library and kernel)
*/
@@ -465,6 +469,8 @@ extern const kernel_cap_t __cap_init_eff_set;
int capable(int cap);
int __capable(struct task_struct *t, int cap);
+extern long cap_prctl_drop(unsigned long cap);
+
#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
#endif /* !_LINUX_CAPABILITY_H */
diff --git a/include/linux/init_task.h b/include/linux/init_task.h
index cae35b6..83975d9 100644
--- a/include/linux/init_task.h
+++ b/include/linux/init_task.h
@@ -114,6 +114,17 @@ extern struct group_info init_groups;
.pid = &init_struct_pid, \
}
+#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY_FILE_CAPABILITIES
+/*
+ * Because of the reduced scope of CAP_SETPCAP when filesystem
+ * capabilities are in effect, it is safe to allow CAP_SETPCAP to
+ * be available in the default configuration.
+ */
+# define CAP_INIT_BSET CAP_FULL_SET
+#else
+# define CAP_INIT_BSET CAP_INIT_EFF_SET
+#endif
+
/*
* INIT_TASK is used to set up the first task table, touch at
* your own risk!. Base=0, limit=0x1fffff (=2MB)
@@ -147,6 +158,7 @@ extern struct group_info init_groups;
.cap_effective = CAP_INIT_EFF_SET, \
.cap_inheritable = CAP_INIT_INH_SET, \
.cap_permitted = CAP_FULL_SET, \
+ .cap_bset = CAP_INIT_BSET, \
.keep_capabilities = 0, \
.user = INIT_USER, \
.comm = "swapper", \
diff --git a/include/linux/prctl.h b/include/linux/prctl.h
index e2eff90..3800639 100644
--- a/include/linux/prctl.h
+++ b/include/linux/prctl.h
@@ -63,4 +63,8 @@
#define PR_GET_SECCOMP 21
#define PR_SET_SECCOMP 22
+/* Get/set the capability bounding set */
+#define PR_CAPBSET_READ 23
+#define PR_CAPBSET_DROP 24
+
#endif /* _LINUX_PRCTL_H */
diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h
index 1d17f7c..bf51a16 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched.h
@@ -1041,7 +1041,7 @@ struct task_struct {
uid_t uid,euid,suid,fsuid;
gid_t gid,egid,sgid,fsgid;
struct group_info *group_info;
- kernel_cap_t cap_effective, cap_inheritable, cap_permitted;
+ kernel_cap_t cap_effective, cap_inheritable, cap_permitted, cap_bset;
unsigned keep_capabilities:1;
struct user_struct *user;
#ifdef CONFIG_KEYS
diff --git a/include/linux/security.h b/include/linux/security.h
index f771ad8..04b18f1 100644
--- a/include/linux/security.h
+++ b/include/linux/security.h
@@ -34,11 +34,6 @@
#include <linux/xfrm.h>
#include <net/flow.h>
-/*
- * Bounding set
- */
-extern kernel_cap_t cap_bset;
-
extern unsigned securebits;
struct ctl_table;
diff --git a/include/linux/sysctl.h b/include/linux/sysctl.h
index 4f5047d..fa900cb 100644
--- a/include/linux/sysctl.h
+++ b/include/linux/sysctl.h
@@ -102,7 +102,6 @@ enum
KERN_NODENAME=7,
KERN_DOMAINNAME=8,
- KERN_CAP_BSET=14, /* int: capability bounding set */
KERN_PANIC=15, /* int: panic timeout */
KERN_REALROOTDEV=16, /* real root device to mount after initrd */
@@ -962,8 +961,6 @@ extern int proc_dostring(struct ctl_table *, int, struct file *,
void __user *, size_t *, loff_t *);
extern int proc_dointvec(struct ctl_table *, int, struct file *,
void __user *, size_t *, loff_t *);
-extern int proc_dointvec_bset(struct ctl_table *, int, struct file *,
- void __user *, size_t *, loff_t *);
extern int proc_dointvec_minmax(struct ctl_table *, int, struct file *,
void __user *, size_t *, loff_t *);
extern int proc_dointvec_jiffies(struct ctl_table *, int, struct file *,
diff --git a/kernel/fork.c b/kernel/fork.c
index 5639b3e..9e4a5e1 100644
--- a/kernel/fork.c
+++ b/kernel/fork.c
@@ -1087,6 +1087,7 @@ static struct task_struct *copy_process(unsigned long clone_flags,
#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY
p->security = NULL;
#endif
+ p->cap_bset = current->cap_bset;
p->io_context = NULL;
p->audit_context = NULL;
cgroup_fork(p);
diff --git a/kernel/sys.c b/kernel/sys.c
index 4c77ed2..b528e75 100644
--- a/kernel/sys.c
+++ b/kernel/sys.c
@@ -1637,7 +1637,7 @@ asmlinkage long sys_umask(int mask)
mask = xchg(¤t->fs->umask, mask & S_IRWXUGO);
return mask;
}
-
+
asmlinkage long sys_prctl(int option, unsigned long arg2, unsigned long arg3,
unsigned long arg4, unsigned long arg5)
{
@@ -1742,6 +1742,13 @@ asmlinkage long sys_prctl(int option, unsigned long arg2, unsigned long arg3,
error = prctl_set_seccomp(arg2);
break;
+ case PR_CAPBSET_READ:
+ if (!cap_valid(arg2))
+ return -EINVAL;
+ return !!cap_raised(current->cap_bset, arg2);
+ case PR_CAPBSET_DROP:
+ return cap_prctl_drop(arg2);
+
default:
error = -EINVAL;
break;
diff --git a/kernel/sysctl.c b/kernel/sysctl.c
index 489b0d1..d858819 100644
--- a/kernel/sysctl.c
+++ b/kernel/sysctl.c
@@ -383,15 +383,6 @@ static struct ctl_table kern_table[] = {
.proc_handler = &proc_dointvec_taint,
},
#endif
-#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY_CAPABILITIES
- {
- .procname = "cap-bound",
- .data = &cap_bset,
- .maxlen = sizeof(kernel_cap_t),
- .mode = 0600,
- .proc_handler = &proc_dointvec_bset,
- },
-#endif /* def CONFIG_SECURITY_CAPABILITIES */
#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
{
.ctl_name = KERN_REALROOTDEV,
@@ -1910,26 +1901,6 @@ static int do_proc_dointvec_bset_conv(int *negp, unsigned long *lvalp,
return 0;
}
-#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY_CAPABILITIES
-/*
- * init may raise the set.
- */
-
-int proc_dointvec_bset(struct ctl_table *table, int write, struct file *filp,
- void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
-{
- int op;
-
- if (write && !capable(CAP_SYS_MODULE)) {
- return -EPERM;
- }
-
- op = is_global_init(current) ? OP_SET : OP_AND;
- return do_proc_dointvec(table,write,filp,buffer,lenp,ppos,
- do_proc_dointvec_bset_conv,&op);
-}
-#endif /* def CONFIG_SECURITY_CAPABILITIES */
-
/*
* Taint values can only be increased
*/
@@ -2343,12 +2314,6 @@ int proc_dointvec(struct ctl_table *table, int write, struct file *filp,
return -ENOSYS;
}
-int proc_dointvec_bset(struct ctl_table *table, int write, struct file *filp,
- void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
-{
- return -ENOSYS;
-}
-
int proc_dointvec_minmax(struct ctl_table *table, int write, struct file *filp,
void __user *buffer, size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
{
diff --git a/kernel/sysctl_check.c b/kernel/sysctl_check.c
index 8f5baac..526fa36 100644
--- a/kernel/sysctl_check.c
+++ b/kernel/sysctl_check.c
@@ -38,10 +38,6 @@ static struct trans_ctl_table trans_kern_table[] = {
{ KERN_NODENAME, "hostname" },
{ KERN_DOMAINNAME, "domainname" },
-#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY_CAPABILITIES
- { KERN_CAP_BSET, "cap-bound" },
-#endif /* def CONFIG_SECURITY_CAPABILITIES */
-
{ KERN_PANIC, "panic" },
{ KERN_REALROOTDEV, "real-root-dev" },
@@ -1522,9 +1518,6 @@ int sysctl_check_table(struct ctl_table *table)
(table->strategy == sysctl_ms_jiffies) ||
(table->proc_handler == proc_dostring) ||
(table->proc_handler == proc_dointvec) ||
-#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY_CAPABILITIES
- (table->proc_handler == proc_dointvec_bset) ||
-#endif /* def CONFIG_SECURITY_CAPABILITIES */
(table->proc_handler == proc_dointvec_minmax) ||
(table->proc_handler == proc_dointvec_jiffies) ||
(table->proc_handler == proc_dointvec_userhz_jiffies) ||
diff --git a/security/commoncap.c b/security/commoncap.c
index 3a95990..b72825e 100644
--- a/security/commoncap.c
+++ b/security/commoncap.c
@@ -25,20 +25,6 @@
#include <linux/mount.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
-#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY_FILE_CAPABILITIES
-/*
- * Because of the reduced scope of CAP_SETPCAP when filesystem
- * capabilities are in effect, it is safe to allow this capability to
- * be available in the default configuration.
- */
-# define CAP_INIT_BSET CAP_FULL_SET
-#else /* ie. ndef CONFIG_SECURITY_FILE_CAPABILITIES */
-# define CAP_INIT_BSET CAP_INIT_EFF_SET
-#endif /* def CONFIG_SECURITY_FILE_CAPABILITIES */
-
-kernel_cap_t cap_bset = CAP_INIT_BSET; /* systemwide capability bound */
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(cap_bset);
-
/* Global security state */
unsigned securebits = SECUREBITS_DEFAULT; /* systemwide security settings */
@@ -133,6 +119,12 @@ int cap_capset_check (struct task_struct *target, kernel_cap_t *effective,
/* incapable of using this inheritable set */
return -EPERM;
}
+ if (!cap_issubset(*inheritable,
+ cap_combine(target->cap_inheritable,
+ current->cap_bset))) {
+ /* no new pI capabilities outside bounding set */
+ return -EPERM;
+ }
/* verify restrictions on target's new Permitted set */
if (!cap_issubset (*permitted,
@@ -330,7 +322,8 @@ void cap_bprm_apply_creds (struct linux_binprm *bprm, int unsafe)
/* Derived from fs/exec.c:compute_creds. */
kernel_cap_t new_permitted, working;
- new_permitted = cap_intersect (bprm->cap_permitted, cap_bset);
+ new_permitted = cap_intersect (bprm->cap_permitted,
+ current->cap_bset);
working = cap_intersect (bprm->cap_inheritable,
current->cap_inheritable);
new_permitted = cap_combine (new_permitted, working);
@@ -565,6 +558,23 @@ int cap_task_kill(struct task_struct *p, struct siginfo *info,
return -EPERM;
}
+
+/*
+ * called from kernel/sys.c for prctl(PR_CABSET_DROP)
+ * done without task_capability_lock() because it introduces
+ * no new races - i.e. only another task doing capget() on
+ * this task could get inconsistent info. There can be no
+ * racing writer bc a task can only change its own caps.
+ */
+long cap_prctl_drop(unsigned long cap)
+{
+ if (!capable(CAP_SETPCAP))
+ return -EPERM;
+ if (!cap_valid(cap))
+ return -EINVAL;
+ cap_lower(current->cap_bset, cap);
+ return 0;
+}
#else
int cap_task_setscheduler (struct task_struct *p, int policy,
struct sched_param *lp)
@@ -584,6 +594,10 @@ int cap_task_kill(struct task_struct *p, struct siginfo *info,
{
return 0;
}
+long cap_prctl_drop(unsigned long cap)
+{
+ return -EINVAL;
+}
#endif
void cap_task_reparent_to_init (struct task_struct *p)
--
1.5.1.1.GIT
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